Kochi, once known for its lush greenery and ecological diversity, is now facing a stark transformation, according to a recent study by the School of Environmental Studies (Cusat), Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, and FLAME University.
Over the past two decades, the city’s expansion has led to a 126% surge in built-up areas, a growth rate more than six times the global average of 20%. This rapid urbanisation, spanning across the taluks of Kanayannur, Kochi, Kunnathunad, Aluva, and North Paravur, has not only altered the landscape but has also led to the severe depletion of green spaces, wetlands, and croplands. The findings paint a grim picture of environmental degradation in Kochi and its suburbs. Wetland areas have shrunk by a staggering 57.56%, while croplands have declined by 15%. These natural zones have been replaced by a growing number of commercial, industrial, educational, and residential developments, leading to irreversible ecological damage. Dr. Preethi Chandran, a faculty member at Cusat’s School of Environmental Studies, raised concerns about the escalating pollution levels and the resulting health risks to local residents, especially children. “The pollution is not only affecting air quality, but our water bodies are now heavily contaminated with heavy metals due to industrial discharge,” she said, warning of an increase in lung diseases and allergies.
The study also highlights the alarming loss of biodiversity, with the Soapnut tree (Sapindus trifoliatus), once abundant in the region, nearing extinction. A striking 75% of these trees have disappeared in just 20 years due to habitat destruction caused by rapid urbanisation. The remaining 50 trees are primarily found in private spaces such as sacred groves, farms, and gardens, with Kanayannur taluk being the most affected despite still housing the largest number of these endangered trees. This loss of green spaces in Kochi underscores a significant challenge for urban planners and environmentalists alike, with long-term consequences for the region’s ecological balance and public health. The findings call for urgent measures to address the unchecked spread of urban sprawl and to protect the fragile ecosystems that remain in the area.
